In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) by L. Frank Baum, Dorothy Gale's parents are not mentioned and it's unclear what happened to them.
Dorothy is an orphan who lives with Aunt Em & Uncle Henry on a farm in Kansas but it's unclear if they are blood relatives (kinship care) or a foster family. After a cyclone she and her dog, Toto, are propelled into the magical Land of Oz. Dorothy is told by the Good Witch of the North that the way home is via the yellow brick road to the Emerald City where she can ask the Wizard of Oz for help.