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Writers Eleanor Roosevelt One time first lady of the United States, Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962), was in kinship care as a child. Eleanor's mother died in 1892 and her father in 1894. Thereafter, Eleanor was in the care of her maternal grandmother who sent Eleanor to a boarding school in England when the girl was 15. Eleanor married Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a cousin, in 1905. For 12 years she took care of her husband and 5 children, but after her husband became ill with polio, Eleanor became more active in public life. As first lady from 1933 to 1945, she was influential in improving the lives of women. After her husband died in 1945, Eleanor Roosevelt continued in public life. She was appointed to the United Nations by President Truman and she was influential in drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Eleanor Roosevelt was a prolific writer, writing about civil rights in the 1930s and publishing 28 books from 1932. External Website

Fiction featuring Care Experience Jack Maggs Peter Carey 1997 Jack Maggs (1997) is a novel by Australia writer Peter Carey. Set in 19th century London, Jack Maggs is a retelling of Great Expectations (1861) by Charles Dickens with Jack Maggs as a central character (instead of Abel Magwitch). Jack Maggs was a foundling who was given in to foster care and trained to be a thief. After being betrayed, he is transported to the penal colony of New South Wales, where he does well and provides for his son in London, Henry Phipps (instead of Pip). In 1837, Jack Maggs returns to London to find his son and becomes involved with the mesmerist and writer, Tobias Oates (loosely based on Charles Dickens). Says Hermion Lee in her 29 September 1997 review in The Guardian: “But this is Victorian England with a difference. Things that were suppressed or unspoken in Dickens homosexuality, illicit sexual passion, flogging of prisoners, the rape of child-prostitutes, the abortion trade are unsentimentally exposed in this rewriting, as are Dickens's colonial assumptions. Carey upends Dickens's story of the convict who makes a gentleman out of the orphan boy who once helped him…” External Website

Autobiography/Memoir Gaining a Sense of Self Karen Laura-Lee Wilson 2011 Recipes for Survival: Stories of Hope and Healing by Survivors of the State ‘Care’ System in Australia is a collection of stories by those who have grown up in care in Australia during the 20th century and is therefore contribution to a growing body of literature on the experiences of the Forgotten Australians. External Website

Review by Dr Dee Michell Fran Hill’s dialogue driven novel, Home Bird , is a delight - well written, funny, uplifting. Home Bird by Fran Hill Home Bird is due to be published 20th March this year. It is a sequel to Fran Hill’s debut novel, Cuckoo in the Nest . Protagonist Jackie Chadwick—an intelligent, thoughtful, pragmatic and sometimes caustic 17-year-old—is now in the process of ‘aging out’ of the state care system—and she has a lot to contend with.   Along with keeping up with schoolwork, preparing for final exams, and part-time paid work, there’s …   The story begins on Wednesday 23 May 1979 when Jackie meets her dad, Dave Chadwick, as he is being released from prison. Three days later, he shows her around his new flat and then, on Saturday 21 September (each chapter is dated like a journal entry), she spends her first night there.   All is well until Friday 26 October:   I shut the front door. There was a pink suitcase in the hall. In the living room, I found Doreen, the shop assistant with the rigor-mortis hair. She was standing on a chair at the window, wielding a tape measure. As she reached up in her short dress, I could see the top of her stockings, held up with suspenders.   Doreen sets to and organises the tiny flat, making curtains, taking over the cooking and cleaning, stocking up on gin.    On Wednesday 5 December, Doreen’s son moves in.   The most difficult thing for Jackie is not Doreen being there, nor Stuart, not really, but that her father resumes his old habit of consuming copious quantities of alcohol.   Difficulties at home result in Jackie writing some dark poetry:   You look for good signs. Stop here! for cream teas. The sun will shine tomorrow. Money off! A mile until you’re home. Pink-blossomed trees. Two for the price of one. An easing cough.   You hope for true signs. Promises: they’re kept. Letters come from those who said they’d write. Kisses are sincere. The facts correct. Doors are locked and rooms are safe at night.   Lament the sad, the bad signs. Artful words. The dropping of the gaze. The alibis. The hidden, veiled. The sudden caw of birds. The rosebush in the flower bed that dies.   Stop here! for cawing, blossom dead and gone, for veiled sunshine, two dropped flowers for one.   Jackie’s teacher, Mrs Collingworth, notices and is concerned enough to ask if the teenager is okay.   The support available to Jackie, from Mrs Collingworth and other school staff as well as former foster carers, is a notable theme in Home Bird and reminds me of examples I’ve read and heard over the years where (non-fiction) Care Experienced People have achieved positive outcomes because there are people who believe in them. One example is that of   American poet Pat Schneider (1934-2020) who was in an orphanage for a while. Her Year 7 art teacher, Dorothy Dunn, visited at home one day and gave the 13-year-old a book she had written. She told Pat that she too could be a writer. Constance Broughton in Home Bird is like Dorothy Dunn. Known affectionately to students as Nursey B, she shows Jackie a literary magazine in which she, Nursey B, has had 6 poems published.   I had never met a published poet. ‘That’s what Mrs Collingworth meant, then.’ ‘She mentioned that we might have something in common?’ ‘Obliquely.’ ‘Goodness,’ she said. ‘You are a wordsmith.’ ‘If you’re a poet,’ I asked her, ‘why are you here, being a nurse?’ ‘Only the very lucky get to be full-time poets,’ she said. ‘Not many poets live in mansions.’ ‘Damn,’ I said.   Fran Hill has made a point of saying that, as a former foster child and former teacher, she is aware of how tempting it can be to assume the most disadvantaged students are less capable, to inflict on them what Andrew Harvey at La Trobe University has called the “soft bigotry of low expectations”.   With Jackie Chadwick she has countered that tendency and created a former foster child with the strength and capacity to dream high and to achieve those dreams.   What Fran Hill has also done with Home Bird is demonstrate the importance of a support network for young people in the care system. It is an important message and kudos to Fran Hill for conveying it such a compassionate and entertaining way.   PS: Are pickled eggs with fish n’ chips still a thing in England? Ugh!   Thank you to Legend Press and Fran Hill for the review copy.   Follow Fran on Twitter: @franhill123

Hannah Brown (1866-1973) Care Experience & Culture recently added a new genre featuring ‘ Activists ’ and are wondering if Hannah Brown who grew up in the Foundling Hospital, could be the FIRST care-experienced activist. Some of the information included here was first presented at a Conference by Josie Pearse and Rosie Canning.[1] The Foundling Hospital was established in 1739 by Thomas Coram , a philanthropist driven by the sight of destitute infants left to die on the streets, who campaigned tirelessly for nearly 17 years to garner support for the hospital's creation. It was Britain’s first charitable institution dedicated to the care and upbringing of vulnerable and abandoned children. Though Thomas Coram finally succeeded in securing a Royal Charter from King George II, his outspoken nature led to his departure from the board within a few years. A Mother Depositing Her Child at the Foundling Hospital in Paris , Henry Nelson O'Neil ,  1855, Oil on canvas, Foundling Museum, London [2] Admission Criteria and the Ballot System Mothers brought their babies to the Foundling Hospital to be cared for, with many hopeful that their circumstances would change so that they could one day reclaim their child. The institution focused on infants under 12 months, with mothers undergoing interviews to confirm their eligibility. Starting in 1742, the admission process included a ballot system to manage limited capacity: White ball: Admission granted, pending the child’s health inspection. Orange ball: Conditional admission, dependent on others failing health checks. Black ball: Immediate rejection and removal. In 1756, Parliament mandated the admission of all children brought to the Hospital, providing funding to support this policy. This "General Reception" period saw an overwhelming influx of children, resulting in severe overcrowding and resource strain. Tragically, two-thirds of these children perished due to the inadequate conditions. Foster Care Every child admitted to the Foundling Hospital was baptised and given a new name. Between the 1740s and 1760s, mothers left a token that could be used to identify their child if they returned to reclaim them. Accepted children were registered and sent to foster families or "nurses" in the countryside, until the age of five. They were then brought to live and be educated in the Foundling Hospital until around the age of 15, when they were sent out as apprentices, primarily in domestic or military service. The Child She Bare by Hannah Brown [3] Stigma Hannah Brown (not her foundling name) was born 26th June 1866 and placed in the Foundling Hospital at 6 months. She was baptized Hannah Sherman [4] in 1866. Hannah later wrote The Child She Bare, A Foundling (London, Headley, 1919) an account of her childhood experiences and which she published anonymously. She writes realistically about her time in the Foundling Hospital and many of her protests and observations are uncannily still relevant today. THE writer was born in the year 1866. She has never known anything of her parentage, rightful name, or nationality, but was handed over (when a few months old) by her mother to the Foundling Hospital, London. Having gazed on me for the last time, with (I take for granted) a heart surcharged with woe, she left me to my fate...Being christened the same day in the Chapel of the Foundling Hospital and given a fictitious name I was later taken by a foster nurse to live in the country until the age of three; when I should be brought back to commence my existence as one of the children of the Foundling Hospital. Thus, for the second time in three years, I was deprived of a Mothe r. – The Child She Bare Hannah resented the stigma of illegitimacy and reflected on her experiences in her memoir, and wrote about the victimisation of women who have loved 'not wisely but too well' and how the very concept of an "unmarried mother" is a construct born of laws created by men. Such a woman is neither a "fallen woman," nor is her child "illegitimate." ‘...children’s happiness and future welfare is sacrificed, even to the extent of their mother’s name, nationality – thrown in the world without a relative or friend to confide in…and have no right to the stigma attached to them.’ –The Child She Bare In her writing she is trying to bring about social change and sharing her very personal autobiographical experiences that do not end when they leave the Foundling Hospital. ‘ The few girls. Who by chance become married, are put to shame before their own offspring, whenever the simplest and most natural questions are asked by the child as to its mother's parentage: This is owing to the child's mother being deprived of her rightful name and knowledge of her nationality .’ – The Child She Bare Hannah also mentions how it is impossible to acquire their birth certificates as the only ones available are the ‘false’ ones issued by the Foundling Hospital. She leaves the Foundling Hospital after completing her fourth apprenticeship, for which she receives ‘five guineas’ in 1887, she is 20 years old. She leaves the last placement because she wants to be 'UNKNOWN' - She writes: ‘…In future no mistress should know anything about me.' She is referring to the stigma of being a foundling which she eventually recognizes was a 'FALSE' sense of shame. Hannah wrote the Child She Bare after the first world war and it was published anonymously in 1919 - a time when the 'great and good' were researching how to regulate child Adoption. There had never been regulation. Hannah gave evidence anonymously to what's now called an 'unofficial' select committee (at least by Keating) - it was chaired by the Duchess of Bedford and they carried out research among the welfare organisations that had been looking after so called 'friendless girls' - the mothers and children for - in some cases -  hundreds of years.             Hannah's evidence includes these quotes:             1. Every child has an inalienable right to the love and care of it's mother.             2.If child adoption is allowed to become general practice it will create a Hydra headed monster for the future.             3. Foster parents could be found until the child reaches an age where she can choose to be adopted or not.             4. Hannah even talks about the institution introduction of a Mothers Pensions beating family allowance by a couple of decades. Against all advice the 1925 law severed the bond between mother and child by closing records for fifty years between 1926 and 1976. [1] Hannah proposed innovative ideas, such as a Mothers’ Pensions, to support women and their children, anticipating family allowance systems that would later be implemented. Her support for foster care until a child could choose adoption shows her preference for maintaining the child’s autonomy and the mother-child connection. Overall, this illustrates the tension between progressive social ideas, such as supporting mothers and maintaining family bonds, and the eventual legal framework, which prioritized secrecy and separation in adoption. This decision had long-term implications for adopted individuals and their ability to trace their origins. After leaving the Foundling Hospital, Hannah talks about the foundlings becoming a community in themselves and meeting in secret due to stigma. This is an interesting observation and perhaps we can imagine Hannah holding meetings with like-minded individuals as a way to fight and protest against the victimisation of foundlings which may have even given birth to her memoir The Child She Bare. The memoir critiques the institutional childcare system, highlighting the lack of emotional support and advocating for the recognition of children’s rights and dignity. Hannah’s story offers a deeply personal and critical lens on historical debates surrounding child welfare reforms and the societal stigmatization of illegitimacy during that era. Hannah went on to marry Frank Percival Brown (ARCA), an Art Master [5] and they had one daughter, Nancy. Hannah herself became an artist, exhibiting at the Royal Academy and contributing drawings to husband Frank's English Art Series . Despite her foundling beginnings Hannah experienced a life well lived. If you visit the Foundling Museum, you'll be able to see a small display about Hannah that Dr. Josie and Dr. Rosie helped to curate. [1] Pearse, J. , Canning, R., 'What Hannah Did Next'. unpublished paper presented at London Foundling Hospital History: An Online Conference. 23-24 June 2023. [2] O’Neil ,  Henry Nelson ,  A Mother Depositing Her Child at the Foundling Hospital in Paris , 1855, Oil on canvas, Foundling Museum, London (3) A Foundling, The Child She Bare (London: Headley Bros, 1918) (4) Theresa Musgrove, Charles Dickens Researcher, who through detective work found Hannah’s surname which was passed on to Coram and enabled them to finally find the famous Hannah in the Foundling Hospital Register. [Theresa Musgrove, email to Rosie Canning, 17th November 2022] [5] Frank Percival Brown (1877-1958) Art Master and Mosaicist and other works, born in Stoke-on-Trent, who studied at the Royal College of Art , 1902–07 under Gerald Moira, W R Lethaby and others. [nb. If you use this blog, please reference Dr. Rosie Canning & Dr. Josie Pearse, and Care Experience & Culture.]

Carrie Steele Logan (1829 – November 3, 1900) was an American philanthropist and founder of the Colored [sic] Orphanage of Atlanta , the oldest Black orphanage in the U.S. Born into slavery in Georgia around 1829, she learned to read and write despite her challenging upbringing, including being orphaned as a child. Her experiences as a young enslaved mother shaped her compassion for children in need. After moving to Atlanta, she supported herself by selling handmade goods and later worked as a matron at a train depot, where she observed many homeless children. In response, Steele Logan began caring for them and eventually raised funds through speeches, community donations, and her savings. With support from the Atlanta City Council, local advocacy groups, and the state of Georgia, she established the orphanage in 1889, later housed in a three-story building accommodating up to 50 children. She also wrote an autobiography to raise funds. In 1890, she married minister Josehia Logan and had a son, James Robert Steele, who worked as a barber and later became an elder at Bethel AME Church. Carrie Steele Logan died in 1900 at 71, with her funeral attended by over 3,000 people. Her legacy endures through the Carrie Steele-Pitts Home , which still operates, and she was honored as a Georgia Woman of Achievement in 1998. A bronze bas relief sculpture commemorates her in Atlanta.